Detachable wheel.



J.. v. PUGH.

DETACHABLE WHEEL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. I. 191.2.

Patented Mar. 4,1919.

l. V. PUGH.

DEIACHABLE WHEEL.

l. V. PUGH.

DEIACHABLE WHEEL.

APPucATloN man sePT. I. lslz.

Patented Mar. 4,1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

JOHN vEENoN PUGH, 0E covENirRY, ENGLAND, AssIcNon, VBY NEsNE.assIeNMEN'rs 'ro WIRE WHEEL ooRroRA'rIoN lor AMERICA, A CORPORATION orNEW YORK.

DETACHABLE WHEEL.

Specieation of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 4. 1919.

Application led September 7, 1912. Serial No. 719,207. v

To all whom z't may concern.'

Be it known thatI I, JOHN VERNON PUGH, a subject of the King of GreatBritain and Ireland, and residing at Guiting House,

kthe secure locking of this nut or screwed securing device which holdsthe outer iipon the inner hub part independent of the action of theratchets or other additional locking.A

devices, which have hitherto been regarded as essential in practice toinsure safety.

It is well known that if two'solids of revolution c. g. cylinders,cones, screw-threaded cylinders or the like are put together one insidethe other the inner one must be smaller than the outer one, andconsequently must be of shorter circumference. If the two parts are keptin contact at one fixed point and `substantially out of contact at the.dianietrica-lly opposite fixed point, and either of the two parts berevolved, under condi .tions which do not involve slip, then the otherpart will revolve also, and .the speeds of revolution of the two partsis proportional inversely7 to the relative lengths of theircircun'iterences, the inner part revolving faster than the outer part. Y

The two hub parts of a wheel of the type hereinbefore indicated areconnected with one another so that they must rotate together and theclearance between them required to insure easy attachment and removal ofthe detachable part is such that when loaded the one hub part may beconsidered to be slightly' eccentric to the other. The nut or securingdevice is arranged when screwed up to center the outer end and totransmit a portion of the load from the inner to the' outer hub part,and a coned or tapered centering abutment is preferably providedconveniently at the inner end ot' the hub.

The above transmission ot' load produces during forward rotation of thewheels the conditions necessary for the already d scribed principle tocome into action, and thus the frictional contact of the suitable c0-acting surfaces causes the nut orl securing device to screw up andconsequently to retain the detchable outer hub part in position. i

According to this invention I provide that the rotative eiilect of thetwo contacts of the inner and outer hub parts respectively with tlienut' or like screw thread-- ed device will be different bot-h in'direction and in magnitude, but by the einploynient of means forreducing the friction between the nut and one of the hub parts I insurethat the difference will be such that the resultant effect of thecontacts will be to tighten up the nut or like screw threaded deviceduring the forward .ihovement ot-= the vehicle and t0 retain thetouterhub part upon the inner hub part and render the employment of ratchetsor other additional locking devices unnecessary.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a diagramillustrating the principle upon which the invention is based.

Fig. 2 is a plan of a motor vehicle to wliiclidetaeliable wheelsconstructed in accordance with this invention are applied, the vehiclecarrying a spare outer hub part.

Figs. 3, l and show various arrangements for carrying the invention intoeii'ect, the outside ends of a pair of wheel hubs for use on oppositesides of a vehicle being illustrated in each figure.

In Fig. l the circles A-B represent the cross section ot two solids ofrevolution fitting the one within the other, the necessary clearancebeing exaggerated for the sake of clearness. If these two bodies arepressed together in a vertical direction as indicated by the arrowsC-D,=and the one A is revolved in the direction of the arrow E, then theother B will be driven by it and will revolve as indicated Iby the arrowF, but ata' higher speed ot' revolution in the ratio of the diameter Ato the diameter B.

When applying the foregoing to a detachable wheel hub constructOli, thenut part which is provided with circumferential engaging surfacesforming solids of revolution has each pressed b v the weight of lthe cartightly in contact. with one of two other, solids of revolution in theshape of the engaging surfaces of the inner and outer hub parts, the twoformer having of necessityT the same angular velocity when revolving.

The' nut part will during joint revolution of the parts tend to moveforward or backward relative to either one of the two hub partsaccording to whether it is in contact with an internally disposed or anexternallyr disposed circumferential engaging surface thereof, so thatif it engages a similarly disposed surface of each hub part its motionis the result of the sum of the frictional driving effects of both. If,on the other hand, a nut part is formed to be in contact with aninternally disposed surface of one hub part v`and an externally disposedsurface of the other, then the two frictional driving effects will beopposed to one another and the inotion of the nut partis the result oftheir difference. According toa third alternative, the frictionaldriving effect of one of j the hub 4parts may be practically eliminatedL by arranging friction reducing means benut part and thecircumferential engaging surface of one of the hub`parts the nut issubjected practically only to the frictional Vlriving effect of theotherhub part. The

other cases are described in applications Serial Nos. 681760 and 710481.

In carrying this invention into effect as 'shown by way of example inFig. 3, a ball race, s, is introduced between the nut,`e, and thedetachable hub part, (L, the ball s `being kept in the race g ly cages(not shown in the i drawing) or in any other suitable manner.4 Inthiscase fori a gwheel on the left handl side 'of the vehiclle, the nutwouldscrew on toa right-handed screw thread, c, on the fixed or inner hitbpart, I), and on the right lhand side of the vehicle the nut would screw0n to a left handed screw thread. the ball nace is` practicalityfrictionlesfs, the tend.- ency to revolve will be that due to thecontact between the nut` and the inner hub part.

.'-The nlxit will revolve more slowly than the v inner ub part andconsequently will tend to rotateirelative Ito the hub parts in thedirecmovement .of the vehicle.

As shown-in Fig. t, a ball race, s, yis provtion to tighten it up duringthe forward vided between the nut, e, and the outer hub part,aasdarranged-that it acts to retain the former in connection with thelatter. Portions olf internal screw threads oneleft handed `f and oneright handed g are provided, these being` of different diaieter.

' The innerhub part on the left hand side of the vehicle would be'formed with an external thread h to engage the right hand threadnaaaoov g of the nut, and the inner hub part on the Vright hand side ofthe vehicle would be provided with an externa-l left hand thread toengage the left hand thread f of the nut.

rfhe balls s are held in the race by means of alocking ring t whichforms a part of the race way. This locking ring is screwthreaded ontothe nut c and is held in place by any suitable means, a screw ci beingshown in the drawing. By this construction the nut is secured to theouter hub part and is removable therewith. l In order to remove the nutfrom the outer hub part the locking V ring (t) must be taken offreleasing the balls which are next removed-and the nut isthen detached.Thereby there is provided a frictionless means, which permits therotation ,of the nut on the outer hub part but yprevents any separatingvmovement therebetween. Since the nut and outer hub part are so connectedthe tightening or loosening of the nut forces the outer hu'b part on or0E the inner hub part.

As shown in Fig. 5, the' detachable hubi part, a, is provided withportions of internal right and left handed threads, and the nut, e, withcorresponding left-hand thread, and

the nut, e, with right hand thread, the two i nuts being used onopposite sides of the vehicle. The ball race, s,.is situated-between thenut and theinner hubv part, and the balls s are heldin place-by alocking ring u which forms a part of the race. The

ring r is screw threadedonto thel inner hub part b andis held inposition by any suitable means w. The nut e is thus held on the innerhub although permitted to rotatev relatively thereon by reason of theballs-s and hence when the nut is tuined relatively to the outerhub partthat part is forced to move relatively `to ftl're"'inner hub part, whilethe nut retains'its position upon the inner hub part. 4

It will be seen that by the use ofgthis invention it can be arrangedthat a spare outer hub part which is interchangeable with a likedetachable outer hub part of a vehicle wheel is automatically and safelyretained Vin position as soon as the nut has' been screwed up, and thatno spring or hand operated pawls or catches with the attendant ratchetteeth or"castellatio.ns are necessary to .prevent the nut from workingloose, and

as the tightening is automatic, there is nocial pawl releasing devicesaire required.

The spanner may also be instantly applied to the nut for tightening orunscrewing without the'previous manipulation of any catches or paWls. I

iso

It will be observedv that inv this specification the expressionsdetachable vehicle threaded securing device. t It will be seen that theabove described modifications are merely examples of methods of carryingout the invention and that many other modifications may be employed.

Having now described my invention what I claim as new and desire to.secure by Letters Patent is l 1. In combination in a detachable wheel,

itwo hub parts sleeved and engaged to revolve together, but subject'toslight eccentric displacement, an internal circumferential surface toone part, an external circumferential surface to the other part, a nuthaving anti-friction roller means engaging "one surface, andtransmitting radial force from one surfaceto the other, while retainingthe parts inconnection,"whereby due to eccentricity it rotates relativeto said parts during revolution of the wheel, and screw ythreads on theother surface engaged by said nut so handed that during forward movementtightening results .from the ielative rotation.

2. In combination in a-detachable wheel, two hub parts sleeved andengaged to revolve together, but subject tol slight eccentricdisplacement, an internal circumferential surface to one part, anexternal circumferential surface to the other part, said surfacesforming the circumferential bound- `aries of an annular saace betweensaid ts, a nut in said annu ar space connected 'ylfanti-friction rollermeans to one part and. transmitting radial force to the surface loftliejf other part, whereby due to eccentricity said .nut rotatesrelative to said parts durii revolution of the wheel, and screw threasVA nl* the surface of said other part engaged by said nut and so handedthat during f rwardl movementtightening resultsfrom he relativerotation.

3. In combination lin a detachable wheel,- two llub parts sleeved andengaged to revolve, together, but subject to slight eccentricdisplacement, an internal circumferential surface to the outerV part, anexternal circumferential surface to the inner part, a nut/ havinganti-friction roller means for engaging one surface, and. transmittingradial force therefrom to the surface of the inner part, while retainingthe parts in connectiomwhereby due'to eccentricity said nut rotatesrelative to said parts during revolution ofthe wheel, and screw threadson the surface of said inner part whichare right hand for a wheel forthe left Side of a veliicle and left ,hand for one for the rightA sideso that during.forwardIl movement tight- .ening results from therelative rotation.

to the other, at least onevof said surfaces being screw-threaded,a nutpart threaded to said screwed surfacev and having antifrictionengagement with said' other surface whereby it transmits radial forceswhile retaining oiie part vupon the other and due to eccentricityrotates relative to said parts during revolution of the wheel, and threewheel parts for the left side of a vehicle equivalent to the aforesaidbut the nut hav.- ing screw threads of opposite hand to those of saidright hand nut so that the relative rotation upon forward movement ofave hicle tightens the nut upon eachside.

In combination an inner hub part of a detachable wheel, an outer partsleeved on said inner part, means insuring simultaneous revolution ofsaid parts but permitting eccentricity of their axes, `a circumferentialsurface to each of said part-s, said surfaces being of opposite radialdisposition and at least one being'screw threaded, an annular nut partpositioned between said surfaces and engaging said threads, whereby ittransmits radial forces while retaining one part upon the other, and issubjected to oppositely directed turning moments imposed by said partsdue to revolution of the wheel,` and anti-friction means transmittingthe radial force from said nut part to one hub part and thereby causingthe moment nut and other hub part while preventing the longitudinalseparation thereof, whereby the nutl is tightened upon the forwardmovement of the wheel.

7. In a detachable wheel, the lcombination of an inner hub part. anouter hub part mounted on said inner hub part, means in# lsuring thevsimultaneous rotation of said parts-while permitting eccentricity oftheir axes. a nut screw threaded into engagement with one of said hubparts, a ball i'ace between said nut and said other hub part permittingthe relative rotation of said nut and other hub part while preventingIthe longiiso' ' tudinal separationthereof, whereby the nut is'tightenedupon the. forward.movement 'of 'the wheel.

S. In a. detachable wheel, the combination of an inner hub part, anouter hub part mounted on said inner hub part, means msui-ing thesimultaneous rotation of said parts While permitting eeeentricity ottheir axes, `a nut screw threaded int-o engagement with one of said hubparts, a ball race between said nut and said other hub part fperl'.mitting the relative rotation of said nut and other hub part whilepreventing-the longi#n tudinal 'Separation thereof, and a locking yringforming part of said race and securing it to said hub part, wherebythe-nut is tightened upon the forward movement of the Wheel.

9. In a detachable wheel' the combination. of an inner hub part, anouter hub part,'

ing the rlongitudinal separation thereof, .and a locking ring formingpart of said race and securing it to said hub part, whereby the .nut istightened upon the forward movement of the wheel. l

10. Ina detachable wheel, the combination of an inner hub part, an outerhub part inounted'on said inner hub part, means insuring thesimultaneous rotation of said parts, 4a nut sere-w threaded on to theinner hub part and balls between said nut and outer hub part to `provide'a lineveontact therebetween.

11. In-a detachable wheel, the combination of aninner.v hub part, anouter hab partfmounted thereon, means insuring the simultaneous'rotationof said parts, a nut screw threaded onto said inner hub part-- withinthe mouth ofthe outer hub part, and balls between said nut and saidouter hub part to provide a series of points'of Contact therebetween. 4

In testimony whereof, I ating my signature in presence of 'twowitnesses. s

JOHN VERNON PUGH.

' Witnesses:

THOMAS H. VVEsT,

BERTRAM H. MATTHEWS.

